The Toxic Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Citrullus colocynthis on Rat Liver

There is an increasing tendency for traditional medicine in the world. Many people prefer to take herbal products instead of chemical medicines. However, over consumption of herbal medicines has led to many unpredictable side effects.One of these traditional medicines is Citrullus colocynthis, which is used by diabetic patients as an hypoglycemic agent, but it has been reported to cause gastrointestinal disorders after consumption in some patients.50 rats were randomly divided into five groups (4 experimental and 1 controls). In the experimental groups a single daily dose of alcoholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis (50, 100, 200, 400g/kg) was administered intraperitonally. Normal saline was administered in control group. After two weeks, the rats were killed and the livers were removed and fixed with formalin (10%). Specimens were then processed and stained with H&E,and Reticuline.The results indicated that there is a morphological change in liver cells including karyrrhexis, chromatolysis, and granulation of the cytoplasm. Additionally, collagen and reticular fibers were evident in liver parenchyma in high doses.Citrullus colocynthis can have toxic effects on liver cells which may induce hepatocyte necrosis and liver fibrosis.These effects were dose dependent. Further studies are necessary to clarify the issue.